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Free advanced mass calculator using 5 physics methods: density×volume, force/acceleration (F=ma), weight/gravity, momentum/velocity, and Einstein's E=mc². Instant conversions to 7+ units with 15+ material database.
m = ρ × V
Mass is a fundamental property of matter that measures the amount of substance in an object. It's an intrinsic property that doesn't change with location, unlike weight which varies with gravitational field strength. Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) in the SI system.
Key Characteristics of Mass:
| Property | Mass | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Amount of matter | Gravitational force on mass |
| Formula | m (constant) | W = mg |
| Unit | Kilogram (kg) | Newton (N) |
| Type | Scalar | Vector (has direction) |
| Varies with location? | No | Yes |
| Example (70 kg person) | 70 kg everywhere | 686 N on Earth, 113 N on Moon |
Measures resistance to acceleration. From Newton's Second Law: m = F/a. Greater inertial mass means more force needed for same acceleration.
Determines gravitational attraction strength. From W = mg. Remarkably, inertial and gravitational mass are equivalent (Einstein's Equivalence Principle).
m = ρ × V
Where:
Example: A steel block with volume 0.002 m³ and density 7850 kg/m³
m = 7850 × 0.002 = 15.7 kg
m = F / a
Where:
Example: A 200 N force causes 5 m/s² acceleration
m = 200 / 5 = 40 kg
m = W / g
Where:
Example: Object weighs 490.5 N on Earth
m = 490.5 / 9.81 = 50 kg
m = p / v
Where:
Example: Car with 1500 kg⋅m/s momentum at 30 m/s
m = 1500 / 30 = 50 kg
m = E / c²
Where:
Example: Energy of 4.5 × 10¹⁶ J
m = 4.5×10¹⁶ / 9×10¹⁶ = 0.5 kg
Our calculator includes a comprehensive database of common materials with their densities. Select any material to automatically use its density value for mass calculations.
Our calculator automatically converts mass to all common units. Here's a comprehensive conversion reference:
| Unit | Symbol | Conversion to kg | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kilogram | kg | 1 kg = 1 kg | Base SI unit |
| Gram | g | 1 g = 0.001 kg | 1000 g = 1 kg |
| Milligram | mg | 1 mg = 0.000001 kg | 1,000,000 mg = 1 kg |
| Metric Ton | ton | 1 ton = 1000 kg | 0.001 ton = 1 kg |
| Pound | lb | 1 lb = 0.453592 kg | 2.20462 lb = 1 kg |
| Ounce | oz | 1 oz = 0.0283495 kg | 35.274 oz = 1 kg |
| Stone | st | 1 st = 6.35029 kg | 0.157473 st = 1 kg |
Mass measures matter in an object (kg or g) and stays constant everywhere. Weight is gravitational force (W = mg) in Newtons, varying by location. A 70 kg person weighs 686 N on Earth but 113 N on Moon due to different gravity.
Formula: m = ρ × V, where m is mass (kg), ρ is density (kg/m³), V is volume (m³). Example: Steel (7850 kg/m³) with 0.001 m³ volume = 7.85 kg. Supports liters, cm³, ft³ conversions.
Newton's Second Law: F = ma. Rearranging: m = F/a. Example: 100 N force with 10 m/s² acceleration gives mass = 10 kg. Greater mass needs more force for same acceleration.
Calculate density, mass, or volume using ρ = m/V formula
Calculate volume of various shapes and objects
Calculate weight from mass and gravity (W = mg)
Calculate speed, distance, or time with unit conversions
Convert between various units of measurement
Calculate molecular mass of chemical compounds