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Free online tool: Convert numbers to Roman numerals and vice versa. Supports 1-3999, includes conversion rules, history & practice examples. Perfect for students, educators & history enthusiasts!
Free online tool: Convert numbers to Roman numerals and vice versa. Supports 1-3999, includes conversion rules, history & practice examples. Perfect for students, educators & history enthusiasts!
Roman numerals are an ancient number system developed in Rome around 500 BC. Unlike our modern decimal system, Roman numerals use combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet to represent values. This system was used throughout the Roman Empire and medieval Europe for over 2000 years.
The Seven Basic Symbols:
When a symbol of equal or greater value follows another, add their values together.
VI = V + I = 5 + 1 = 6
XV = X + V = 10 + 5 = 15
LX = L + X = 50 + 10 = 60
When a smaller symbol precedes a larger one, subtract the smaller from the larger.
IV = V - I = 5 - 1 = 4
IX = X - I = 10 - 1 = 9
XL = L - X = 50 - 10 = 40
XC = C - X = 100 - 10 = 90
CD = D - C = 500 - 100 = 400
CM = M - C = 1000 - 100 = 900
A symbol can be repeated up to three times to add its value. Never repeat V, L, or D.
I = 1, II = 2, III = 3 (but not IIII)
X = 10, XX = 20, XXX = 30
C = 100, CC = 200, CCC = 300
M = 1000, MM = 2000, MMM = 3000
| Number | Roman | Number | Roman |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | 100 | C |
| 5 | V | 500 | D |
| 10 | X | 1000 | M |
| 50 | L | 2024 | MMXXIV |
Roman numerals are an ancient number system that uses seven letters from the Latin alphabet: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000). Numbers are formed by combining these symbols following specific rules. When a smaller value appears before a larger one, you subtract it (for example, IV equals 4). When a symbol of equal or larger value appears before another, you add them together (for example, VI equals 6).
To convert numbers to Roman numerals, break down the number into place values (thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones), then replace each component with the corresponding Roman symbols. For example, to convert 1994: start with 1000 (M), then 900 (CM), then 90 (XC), and finally 4 (IV), resulting in MCMXCIV. Our calculator automates this process for any number between 1 and 3999.
The year 2024 in Roman numerals is written as MMXXIV. This breaks down as: MM represents 2000, XX represents 20, and IV represents 4. When combined following Roman numeral addition rules, MM + XX + IV equals 2024.